中华帝后双玺：历史的珍贵宝藏揭秘

和田玉，“中国四大名玉”之一（其三为陕西蓝田玉、辽宁岫玉和河南独山玉）。传统狭义范畴特指新疆和田地区出产的玉石，以和田“子料”为代表闻名于世；广义的和田玉指软玉（真玉）。和田玉虽然因新疆和田而命名，但其本身不是地域概念，并非特指新疆和田地区出产的玉，而是一类产品的名称。中国把透闪石成份占98%以上的石头都命名为和田玉，都在国标范围内。

秦始皇统一中国的时候，和田玉因产于昆仑山被称为“昆山之玉”，以后又因位于“于阗国”境内而被称为“于阗玉”。直到清光绪九年（1883年）设立和田直隶州时，才被正式命名为“和田玉”。

和田玉中的名品，是珍藏于陕西历史博物馆的西汉国宝级文物“皇后之玺”，其质地为新疆和田羊脂玉，是迄今唯一的汉代皇后玉玺，为首批禁止出国（境）展览文物 。2008年北京奥运会会徽徽宝“中国印”，也是采用新疆和田玉作为材料。

和田玉属镁质大理岩与中酸性岩浆岩接触交代而形成的变质岩，内含透闪石、角闪石、阳起石等多矿物集合体，化学成分是含水的钙镁硅酸盐，化学式为Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5[Si8O22](OH)2，密度为2.95—3.17，摩氏硬度在6.0—6.5之间。

中华帝后双玺

为了在世博会上向全球展示中国皇家文化的精髓，世博《故宫国宝——中华帝后福寿双玺》组成了空前强大的专家团队，由原故宫博物院杨新副院长担纲总设计师，故宫篆刻大师王玉书先生篆刻玺印，故宫博物院玉器鉴赏专家张广文先生、故宫博物院古器物部主任张荣女士任首席收藏顾问，中国玉雕大师顾峰先生雕刻玉玺，99岁高龄国学大师文怀沙先生任文化总顾问，并欣然铭文作序：“玉玺之王，天地齐寿，日月同辉”。

近年来，和田玉的价格涨幅超过百倍，在刚刚过去的2009年，和田玉也没有停止上涨的脚步，据了解，一套名家的四法器售价达180万元，最贵的精品和田玉每克售价超过10000元,比黄金贵四十倍。正是缘于精品和田玉的价值潜力，《世博双玺》一经亮相就受到了许多玉石爱好者的普遍关注，资深玉石专家表示，世博和田玉福寿双玺的“裸玉”价值就已超乎寻常，此次发行的宝玺可能是近年来玉器界大动作。

世博和田玉福寿双玺在取材方面颇为重大，选定我国昆仑山五千米雪线以上的稀有和田玉，是和田玉中的“皇冠级”品种，市面上一般很少能见到“真迹”。和田玉已是我国近乎枯竭的矿产资源，经过这次后，和田玉的矿产资源将更加稀少，日后大到4公斤这样的和田玉恐怕很难见着了，现在和田玉每年的涨幅都在50%以上，老话说“藏玉十年，万顷良田”，说的就是这样的大玉。

青玉是和田玉四大类别之一，主要分布在新疆塔里木盆地之南的昆仑山脉，是和田玉中数量最大的组成部分，其物质成分跟白玉相近，其中，有一部分细腻的青玉韧性也更好。青玉由淡青色到深青色，颜色的种类很多，古籍记载有蚺子青、鼻涕青、蟹壳青、叶青等等。现代以颜色深浅不同，也有淡青、深青、碧青、灰青、深灰青等等之分。和阗玉中青玉最多，常见大块者。近年，见有一种翠青玉，呈淡绿色。和田青玉是和田玉中数量最大的组成部分，其物质成分跟白玉相同或相近，成因与白玉一样，都属于接触变质成因形成，只因含微量元素铁而呈现出差异。

和田青玉被称为帝王之玉：和田青玉在和田玉中是硬度最高的，玉质细腻温润、玉色深重且纯正一致，整体呈现刚劲之气，寓意着基业长青，所以从古至今一直都是国玺的主要选材，历代封建王朝的传国玉玺均为青玉材质，代表清王朝最高皇权的清二十五方宝玺中，有13枚都是青玉玉玺，所以玉器专家都称和田青玉为“帝王之玉”。

俗话说：人养玉三年，玉养人十年，一块上好的和田玉是需要主人费时间费心血一点点养出来的。

无论是手把件还是大体积的玉玺，只要有时间，一定要多拿手盘玩，最好每天一次，用人体的阳气来温养玉，坚持三年，玉中的死气、杂质就会逐渐排出，整个玉柔润棉厚，达到与主人心意相通的基本要求；

玉要避免与洗涤用品接触，洗涤用品中含有大量的化学成分，一旦接触会侵蚀玉石，损害玉石外层，影响原有的色泽度；

玉忌汗和油脂，在接触完玉之后，要拿棉布细细擦拭，否则会使汗中的不良物质侵入玉中，影响玉的养护。

证书说明详细，玉石鉴定结果为和田玉，并带有负责人署名，属于正规证书，出路清晰，可以放心收藏，并带有证书编号。

整个玉玺以描金，红字这种颜色显眼的字体来书写，描绘，与青玉形成了极强的颜色反差，描写的文字苍劲有力，极具书法价值，红黄青，意为福禄寿三全，不仅十分耐赏，且具有不菲的收藏价值。

俗话说人养玉一时，玉养人一生：古医书称“玉乃石之美者，味甘性平无毒”，并称玉是人体蓄养元气最充沛的物质。玉石不仅作为首饰、摆饰、装饰之用，还用于养生健体。自古历朝历代帝王嫔妃养生不离玉，杨贵妃含玉镇暑，宋徽宗嗜玉成癖，玉为枕而脑聪，古代皇帝就喜欢用玉做枕头，中国古代长寿的皇帝都久用玉枕。

文化

文化：油润细腻的质地，“色如截脂”的净白，“常如肥物所染”的光泽，符合中国传统文化含蓄的审美观念，不张扬，不艳丽，不耀眼，用一种“精光内蕴”的美，吸引了中国人几千年。和田玉的美丽之中有一种神秘的魅力，多少人为之痴狂陶醉，千金散尽亦不悔。

古人关于玉有“五德”、“九德”、“十一德”的种种论述，更将玉石的人文内涵提高到了一种神圣的地步。

收藏价值：自古道，“黄金有价玉无价”。这件和田玉玺，颜色是带有油脂光泽的，整体油感足，入手温润，久握存温，且温度流失缓慢，和田玉投资一直都被关注，一篇‘疯狂的石头’报道了和田玉十年涨幅千倍，令人咋舌，如今新疆本地也找不出好的和田玉了，再加上政府禁止开采，形成了十玉九藏的局面，使得和田玉价格水涨船高，加上这方玺题材重大，具有极大的收藏价值。

英文翻译：Hetian jade, "China's four famous jade" one of the three for Shaanxi Lantian jade, Liaoning Xiuyu and Henan Dushan jade). In the traditional narrow sense, it refers to the jade produced in Hotan, Xinjiang Province, which is famous in the world on behalf of "Ziliao". The broad sense of Hetian jade refers to nephrite (true jade). Although Hetian jade is named after Xinjiang Hetian, it is not a regional concept, not specifically referring to the jade produced in Xinjiang Hetian area, but the name of a kind of product. China to the transblende composition of more than 98% of the stones are named Hetian jade, are in the range of national standards.

When the First Emperor of Qin unified China, Hetian jade was called "the Jade of Kunshan" because it was produced in the Kunlun Mountains. Later, it was called "Yutian Jade" because it was located in the territory of the "State of Yutian". It was not until the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1883) that Hetian Zhili Prefecture was established, and it was officially named "Hetian Jade".

The famous piece of Hetian jade is the national treasure of the Western Han Dynasty, "Empress's Seal", which is treasured in Shaanxi History Museum. It is made of suet jade from Hetian, Xinjiang. It is the only imperial seal of the Han Dynasty so far, and the first batch of cultural relics that are prohibited to be exhibited abroad. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games emblem "China Seal", also used Xinjiang Hetian jade as the material.

Hetianu is a metamorphic rock formed by contact metasomatism between magnesia marble and intermediate-acid magmatic rock. It contains many mineral assemblages such as tremolite, amphibole, andacrostone, etc. Its chemical composition is aqueous calcium magnesium silicate, and its chemical formula is Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5[Si8O22](OH)2, and its density is 2.95 -- 3.17. Mohs hardness is between 6.0 and 6.5.

Double Seal of Empress and Emperor of China

In order to show the essence of Chinese imperial culture to the world at the Expo, the National Treasure of the Palace Museum -- Double Seal of Empress of China for Fortune and Longevity has assembled an unprecedented team of experts. The former deputy director of the Palace Museum, Yang Xin, serves as the chief designer, and Mr. Wang Yushu, seal cutting master of the Palace Museum, makes seal cuts. Mr. Zhang Guangwen, an expert in jade appreciation of the Palace Museum, and Ms. Zhang Rong, director of the Department of Ancient Artifact of the Palace Museum, served as the chief collection consultant. Mr. Gu Feng, a master jade carver of China, carved the jade seal. Mr. Wen Huaisha, a 99-year-old master of Chinese culture, served as the chief cultural consultant.

In recent years, the price of hetian jade goes up more than 100 times, in just past 2009, hetian jade also did not stop the pace that goes up, as we have learned, the price of 4 law implements of a famous family amounts to 1.8 million yuan, the most expensive high-quality goods hetian jade every gram price exceeds 10,000 yuan, expensive than gold 40 times. It is precisely because of the potential value of fine Hetian jade, "World Expo Double Seal" has been widely concerned by many jade lovers. Senior jade experts said that the "naked jade" value of World Expo Hetian Jade Double Seal has been beyond the ordinary, this issue of the Baoseal may be a major move in the jade industry in recent years.

World Expo Hetian jade blessing and longevity double seal in the material is very important, selected China's Kunlun Mountain above the five kilometers snow line rare Hetian jade, Hetian jade in the "crown" variety, the market is rarely seen "genuine". Hetian jade is already our country almost exhausted mineral resources, after this, the mineral resources of hetian jade will be more rare, in the future big to 4 kilograms of such hetian jade I am afraid it is very difficult to see, hetian jade every year now rise in 50% of above, the old saying says "hide jade ten years, ten thousand hectares of fertile land", what say is such big jade.

As one of the four categories of Hetian jade, sapphire is mainly distributed in the Kunlun Mountains in the south of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. It is the largest component of Hetian jade, and its material composition is similar to that of white jade, among which, some delicate sapphire is also better in toughness. Sapphire from light blue to dark blue, many kinds of color, ancient books recorded a child green, green nose, crab shell green, green leaves and so on. Modern different with color depth, also have light green, deep green, green, gray, deep gray and so on. He Tian jade in the most jade, common large. In recent years, see a green jade, light green. Hetian sapphire is the largest number of components in Hetian jade, its material composition is the same or similar to white jade, the cause of origin and white jade, all belong to contact metamorphic formation, because of the trace element iron and show a difference.

Hetian sapphire is known as the emperor's jade: Hetian jade is the highest hardness in the hetian jade, jade is exquisite moist, deep and pure jade, present the stiffness of the gas, the significance of built to last, so The Times has been the great seal of the main material, pass the decree of feudal dynasty in China's are the sapphire material, on behalf of the qing dynasty the supreme imperial power, a clear 25 square topaz in the 13 pieces are sapphire decree, So jade experts all call Hetian jade "the jade of the emperor".

As the saying goes: people keep jade for three years, jade keep people for ten years, a good hetian jade is the master of time to spend a little bit of effort to raise out.

Whether it is a handle piece or a large volume of jade seal, as long as there is time, we must play more hand plate, it is best to once a day, with the human body to warm the jade, adhere to three years, the dead in the jade, impurities will gradually discharge, the whole jade soft cotton thick, to meet the basic requirements of communication with the master;

Jade should avoid contact with detergent, detergent contains a large number of chemical components, once contact will erode jade, damage to the outer layer of jade, affect the original color;

Jade avoid sweat and oil, after contacting the jade, to take the cotton cloth carefully wipe, otherwise it will make the bad substances in sweat into the jade, affect the maintenance of the jade.

The certificate is detailed, the jade identification result is hetian jade, and has the responsible person's signature, belongs to the formal certificate, the outlet is clear, can rest assured that the collection, and has the certificate number.

The whole jade seal to describe gold, red letter this color conspicuous font to write, describe, and blue jade formed a strong color contrast, the description of the text vigorous, extremely calligraphy value, red, yellow, meaning Fu Lu Shou Sanquan, not only very resistant to appreciate, and has a high collection value.

As the saying goes, people keep jade for a while, jade keeps people for a lifetime: the ancient medical book said "jade is the beauty of stone, sweet taste flat non-toxic," and said that jade is the most abundant material for the human body to keep vitality. Jade is not only used as jewelry, decoration and decoration, but also used for health and health. Since ancient times, imperial concubines in all dynasties never leave jade for health care. Yang Guifei kept her summer heat down with jade, and Song Huizong was addicted to jade. Jade was sharp for pillows.

culture

Culture: Oily and delicate texture, "color like fat cut" white, "often like fat dyed" luster, in line with the implicit aesthetic concept of traditional Chinese culture, not make public, not showy, not dazzling, with a "pure" beauty, attracted the Chinese people for thousands of years. There is a mysterious charm in the beauty of hetian jade, how many people crazy intoxicated, thousands of gold scattered also do not regret.

The ancients on the jade has "five virtues", "nine virtues", "eleven virtues" of various discussions, but also the humanistic connotation of jade to a sacred level.

Collection value: since ancient times, "gold has a price and jade is priceless." This tian decree, the color is with grease sheen, the overall oil foot feeling, with warm, with the long storage temperature, and the temperature loss is slow, hetian jade investment be attention all the time, reported a "crazy stone" hetian jade ten years or one thousand times, staggering, xinjiang now can not find a good local hetian jade, coupled with a government ban on drilling, has formed the situation in which ten nine Tibetan jade, The Hetian jade price, coupled with the great seal subject matter, has a great collection value.